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Social integration and income

This page presents thematic content regarding social integration and income in the Nordic Region. The graphs are divided into four sections that covers several aspects of social integration and income. For example; the percentage of children enrolled in day care, mean and median income levels, at-risk-of-poverty rates, the Gini coefficient and absences from work. 

The Social integration and income section in the Nordic Statistics database can be found here

The menu in the top right corner allows for navigation on this page by browsing the sections listed under Areas. Links to the database and news section are also provided in the menu. 

Missing values ​​may occur if data is pending.

Filter feature

For most graphs on this page, there is a filter option. Use this function to filter on various background variables for the data at hand. The data visualized in the graph, including headlines, will be adjusted accordingly to your selection.

Day care

Children in day care

The graphs shows the percentage of 3-5-year-olds that have been enrolled in day care over time. Values for Åland are calculated using the average population, which means the value can exceed 100% in some cases. Please note that Denmark has a break in time series in 2017.

One can use the filter function to customize the graph by age. 

Source: Nordic statistics database, CHIL03

Day care by age

The graph shows the percentage of 0-2-year-olds and 3-5-year-olds that are enrolled in day care. One can use the filter function to customize the graph by year. 

Source: Nordic statistics database, CHIL03

Income

Mean equivalised net income

The graph shows the mean equivalised net income among 25-64-year-olds over time. The mean equivalised net income is retrieved by calculating the total income (including social transfers) of a household after tax and other deductions, that is available for spending or saving, divided by the number of household members converted into equivalised adults.

The values are displayed in PPS/euro (Purchasing Power Standards), which eliminates the differences in price levels between the countries.

One can use the filter function to customize the graph by sex and age.

Source: Nordic statistics database, INCO01

Mean equivalised net income by gender

The graph shows the mean equivalised net income among 25-64-year-olds by gender. Values are displayed in PPS/euro which eliminates the differences in price levels between the countries. One can use the filter function to customize the data by age and year.

Source: Nordic statistics database, INCO01

Mean annual earnings by gender

The graph shows gross annual earnings of men and women, calculated for both full-time and part-time employment as full-time equivalents. The values are displayed in PPS/euro which eliminates the differences in price levels between the countries. One can use the filter feature to customize the graph by year.

Source: Nordic statistics database, INCO04

Equivalised median income

The graph shows the median equivalised disposable income among households. The equivalised disposable income is retrieved by calculating the total income of a household, after tax and other deductions, that is available for spending or saving, divided by the number of household members converted into equivalised adults. Median income divides this income distribution into two equal groups, half having income above that amount, and half having income below that amount.

The values are displayed in PPS/euro which eliminates the differences in price levels between the countries. One can use the filter function to customize the graph by household type.

Source: Nordic statistics database, INCO02

Income ratio 65 years or older

The graph shows the median equivalised disposable income for those aged above 65 to those aged under 65, expressed as a ratio. A ratio of 1 implies that the median income is equally large in the two population groups, whereas a ratio below 1 implies that the income is higher among those aged under 65.

One can use the filter function to customize the graph by sex.

Source: Nordic statistics database, INCO03

Gender pay gap

The graph shows the gender pay gap, which represents differences in average gross hourly earnings of male and female employees, expressed as a percentage of average gross hourly earnings of male employees. A pay gap above 0 percent implies that men have higher gross hourly earnings than women on average. 

One can use the filter function to customize the graph by economic activity. 

Source: Nordic statistics database, INCO05

Gender pay gap by age

The graph shows the gender pay gap, which represents differences in average gross hourly earnings of male and female employees, expressed as a percentage of average gross hourly earnings of male employees. 

One can use the filter function to customize the graph by age. 

Note that values for Sweden in 2008-2009 are not available for the age group 65 years or older. Values are 0 due to an issue in Eurostat's database.

Source: Nordic statistics database, INCO06

Poverty

Gini coefficient

The graph shows the Gini coefficient, which is a commonly used measure of inequality. The coefficient varies between 0, which reflects complete equality and 1, which indicates complete inequality.

Source: Nordic statistics database, GINI01

At-risk-of-poverty

The graph shows the at-risk-of-poverty rate, which reflects the percent of individuals living in households with an income under 50 percent of the median equivalized income.

Using the filter function, one can select threshold (50 or 60 percent of the median income) and household type.

Source: Nordic statistics database, RIOP01

At-risk-of-poverty rate by age

The graph shows the at-risk-of-poverty rate, which reflects the percent of individuals living in households with an income under 60 percent of median equivalized income.

Using the filter function, one can customize the graph by sex and age.

Source: Nordic statistics database, RIOP02

At-risk-of-poverty rate by sex

The graph shows the at-risk-of-poverty rate (under 60 percent of the median income) among men and women.

One can use the filter function to customize the graph by age and year.

Source: Nordic statistics database, RIOP02

Social protection

Expenditure on cash benefits and services

The graph shows the expenditure on social benefits in the Nordic countries. One can use the filter function to customize the graph by unit and type of expenditure. 

Source: Nordic statistics database, SOEX01

Recipients of daily cash benefits

The graph shows recipients of daily cash benefits at pregnancy, childbirth and adoption. One can use the filter function to display benefit days per newborn or total number of benefit days.

Source: Nordic statistics database, SOCI04

Recipients of daily cash benefits by gender

The graph shows the gender distribution for recipients of daily cash benefits at pregnancy, childbirth and adoption. One can use the filter function to customize the graph by year.

Source: Nordic statistics database, SOCI04

Absence from work due to sickness

The graph shows the share of employed individuals aged 16-64 years who declare that they have been absent from work for a whole reference week. One can use the filter function to customize the graph by sex.

Source: Nordic statistics database, SOCI02

Absence from work due to sickness by gender

The graph shows the share of employed men and women aged 16-64 years who declare that they have been absent from work for the whole reference week. 2023 data for Iceland is pending. 

One can use the filter function to customize the graph by year.

Source: Nordic statistics database, SOCI02